RULE XIX--SIGNS AND SYMBOLS OF OPERATION

Ampersand (and, logical product) Asterisk Back Slash (divides, is a factor of) Circle with Interior Dot Circle with Interior Plus Circle with Interior Minus Dagger

• Single

  verbose

  (none)

• Double

  verbose

  (none)

Divison (divided by) Dot (and) Fraction Line (over)

• Diagonal

  verbose

  (none)

• Simple

  verbose

  (none)

• Diagonal Complex

  verbose

  (none)

• Complex

  verbose

  (none)

• Hypercomplex

  verbose

  (none)

Hollow Dot Intersection (cap) Logical Product (and, meet) Logical Sum (join, or) Minus

• Regular

  verbose

  (none)

• Boldface

  verbose

  (none)

Minus Followed by Plus

• Boldface Minus Followed by Boldface Plus

  verbose

  (none)

• Boldface Minus Followed by Regular Plus

  verbose

  (none)

• Regular Minus Followed by Regular Plus

  verbose

  (none)

• Regular Minus Followed by Boldface Plus

  verbose

  (none)

Minus or Plus Minus with Dot over (proper difference) Multiplication (times)

• Cross (cartesian product)

  verbose

  (none)

• Dot

  verbose

  (none)

Number Sign; Crosshatch; Tic-tac-toe; Pounds (weight) Paragraph Mark Plus

• Regular

  verbose

  (none)

• Boldface

  verbose

  (none)

Plus Followed by Minus

• Boldface Plus Followed by Boldface Minus

  verbose

  (none)

• Boldface Plus Followed by Regular Minus

  verbose

  (none)

• Regular Plus Followed by Regular Minus

  verbose

  (none)

• Regular Plus Followed by Boldface Minus

  verbose

  (none)

Plus or Minus Section Mark Slash (per, over, divided by) Square

• Filled-In Square

  verbose

  (none)

• Hollow Square

  verbose

  (none)

Star Tilde

• Extended

  verbose

  (none)

• Simple

  verbose

  (none)

Union (cup) Vertical Bar (is a factor, divides)

§129. Ampersand: When the ampersand is used in literary context, and without reference to the specific nature of the sign itself, it should not be regarded as a sign of operation, and accordingly, the rules of English Braille apply. Otherwise, the symbol in the above list must be used.

§130. Asterisk, Dagger, Double Dagger, Number Sign, Paragraph Mark, Section Mark, Star: The asterisk, dagger, double dagger, number sign, paragraph mark, section mark, and star must be represented by the symbols provided for them in this Code; the English Braille symbols must be avoided even when the corresponding signs are used for purposes of reference.

§131. Fraction Lines: For a complete discussion of the rules governing fractions see Rule XII.

§132. Intersection, Union: When the intersection sign or the union sign is modified by a superscribed bar, a subscribed bar, or both, the combination is not longer a sign of operation but a sign of comparison compounded vertically (see §147).

These signs are frequently modified below, and are consequently printed wide enough to accommodate the modifier. The variable width of these signs must be ignored in the transcription. Superscripts or subscripts which are sometimes attached to these signs must be treated in the usual manner for handling superscripts and subscripts.

§133. Logical Product, Logical Sum: When the signs for logical product or logical sum are modified by a superscribed bar, a subscribed bar, or both, the combination is no longer a sign of operation but a sign of comparison compounded vertically (see §147).

§134. Minus Followed by Plus, Plus Followed by Minus, Minus or Plus, Plus or Minus: When the signs for plus and minus are combined either vertically or horizontally, the combination must be regarded as a single sign of operation. Its components must not be divided between braille lines in the transcription.

§135. Multiplication: The two common multiplication signs, cross and dot, must not be used interchangeably in the transcription. The cross is sometimes modified below.

§136. Slash: The slash must be represented by the symbol provided for it in this Code. The English Braille symbol must not be used.

§137. Tilde: This sign of operation is used predominantly in logic with the meaning of not.

§138. Spacing with Symbols of Operation:

a. A space must be left on either side of an operation symbol under any of the circumstances listed below.

b. A space must not be left on either side of a symbol of operation in any other situation.